I was sitting at a 3rd degree awhile back, watching the second section and was wondering how the speculative came from the operative. The operative were stone workers who built temples etc. So how did the speculative come from this ? Did the stone cutters preform ritual to initiate workers or what. I've asked brothers who have been masons for 60 years this question and no one knows.
I'll tell you what I believe and you can make your own mind up. The caveat is that my belief is based on Masonic reading spanning the last 3 decades, including books by authors (Masonic and non-Masonic) who try to accredit the evolution of today's speculative Freemasonry to many different causes which are variously bizarre and/or ridiculous.
In Britain the Reformation hit home in the 1520s and King Henry the VIII made more use of it than many other European Monarchs going so far as to curtail the power of the Roman Catholic Church completely on this island by removing the Church of England from it and declaring himself its Head in 1534. Now it may not seem obvious but the Church was a major employer building as it did Churches, Cathedrals, Monasteries and all manner of religious buildings and the Stone Masons trade was hit harder than most by these events. Now Stone Masons had, as far as we know, always been keen on holding funds to support the Widows and/or Orphans of Masons killed on the job and with the reduction in work these became harder to maintain. It is my belief that the edifice to which we belong today's origins were this innocuous and the seed was the casual admission of a non-Stone Mason in order to protect these funds (think about some of the drivers within our ceremonies). Thanks to the late Rev'd Neville Barker-Cryer we know that, currently, the earliest recorded non- Stone Mason initiated into a Lodge was in 1572 when a local Fishmonger was Initiated into the "Old Lodge at York" this had been an operative Lodge for 2 centuries by this point and continued to accept and Initiate non-Stone Masons for the rest of its existence.
As innocuousness goes there would have been little else to report were it not for the fact that the cultural phenomenon known as the Renaissance was under way and it was changing the way people thought about their daily lives and broadened the thinking away from purely answering everything as being down to "the will of God". All manner of new expressionism was underway and it would be hard to see why this did not have an impact on how the simple Ceremonies (Halliwell Manuscript aka Regius Poem believed to date to the early 1400s) of the Stone Masonsnow being shared with non-Stone Masons were altered and "fluffed" up so that by the early 1600s with the likes of Elias Ashmole and Sir Robert Moray and their ilk that the ceremonies were considered to be esoteric. We also know this from the writings of outsiders such as the “pot-shot” at the “Accepted Masons” and their esoteric concerns in “Poor Robin’s Intelligence”, Author unknown, on 10th October 1676 and Dr Robert Plot in his 1685 book " The Natural History of Staffordshire" where he is pretty derogatory about "the Free Masons and their Word" that some were already talking about the "secret" nature of Masonic ceremonials. It is a very short fast forward from 1685 to the goings on of 1717 and the next upfluff of the Ceremonies.