Science is based around trying to falsify a hypothesis. Science does not offer "proof" but supporting data. Mathematics can create proofs because it is a different thing.
What this means is often misrepresented about science. Science is a process of endlessly refining mathematical models of reality. The current match and mismatch between science and reality is described with error bars - An estimate of how much reality and the science of today deviate from each other. That estimate includes historical trends. Each field and each well formed theory comes with error bars. In a sense the difference between a theory and a hypothesis is a theory has enough experimental history to have established error bars that bracket its domain.
There are fields of science that describe the behavior of the universe well enough that it makes no sense to think they will ever be overturned. These fields have progressed to the point where they remain refine-able without any realistic expectation that they can be refuted. Inorganic chemistry has been in this status for a long time - The atomic theory of chemistry is never, ever, going to be overturned. We have photographs of individual atoms in crystals.
There is science where the error bars are so small that field teaches to a precision it is indistinguishable from truth - inorganic chemistry. There is science that has been completely falsified - Epicycles. There is science that makes general predictions that have huge error bars where the field may well go the way of epicycles - dark energy. And there are fields everywhere in that range.
When learning a science one needs to learn its mathematics to be able to make predictions using it. One also needs to learn the size of its error bars and the history of how they have been estimated. The basic advances happen where the error bars are large. Where the error bars are low what remains are details and technological advances.
What science fields will and won't be the same several centuries from now? Inorganic chemistry has gotten to the point it isn't changing except in details and technology. Chemists now work with special relativity of the electrons in the orbitals of heavy metals to work out details of new chemical reactions.
Name the field and study the history of that field and the trend can be estimated. This is something not understood by most in the general public. Some want all science to have about the same level of accuracy but it does not and never has.